In the second phase of their spring offensive, which started on 15 May, Chinese casualties reached even more staggering heights with the loss of 90,000 men. The attack ground to a halt five days later having smashed the South Korean 3rd Corps at Inje. UN
counterattacks soon overran any gains and reached the 38th Parallel again.
The Chinese realised that victory over a mechanised, mobile, well-equipped and
determined modern army could not be achieved by wave upon suicidal wave of disposable human beings. Nor could numbers alone make up for primitive logistics, inadequate communications and poor supply and training. Communist communications and supply dumps in North Korea were systematically devastated by aerial bombardment.
By November 1951 the Chinese and North Koreans were defending static defensive fortifications against an enemy, which although it had superior firepower had little desire to suffer yet more casualties.The war had reached its third and final stage – one of stalemate. The Chinese built a 14-mile-deep defensive system to protect them against UN artillery barrages and air strikes. Both sides created such strong defensive lines that neither had any real hope of achieving a breakthrough
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